January 1 – Friedrich Spanheim, Dutch theologian (d. 1649)
* January 17 – Pedro Calderón de la Barca, Spanish playwright (d. 1681)
* January 28 – Pope Clement IX (d. 1669)
* February – Edmund Calamy the Elder, English presbyterian (d. 1666)
* February 2 – Gabriel Naudé, French librarian and scholar (d. 1653)
* March 3 – George Ghica, Prince of Wallachia (d. 1664)
* May 13 – Empress Xiao Duan Wen of the Qing Dynasty (d. 1649)
* August 16 – Maria Celeste, nun, daughter of Galileo Galilei
* November – John Ogilby, English writer and cartographer (d. 1676)
* November 19
o Leo Aitzema, Dutch historian and statesman (d. 1669)
o King Charles I of England, Scotland, and Ireland (ex. 1649)
* date unknown