January 1 – Friedrich Spanheim, Dutch theologian (d. 1649)
* January 17 – Pedro Calderón de la Barca, Spanish playwright (d. 1681)
* January 28 – Pope Clement IX (d. 1669)
* February – Edmund Calamy the Elder, English presbyterian (d. 1666)
* February 2 – Gabriel Naudé, French librarian and scholar (d. 1653)
* March 3 – George Ghica, Prince of Wallachia (d. 1664)
* May 13 – Empress Xiao Duan Wen of the Qing Dynasty (d. 1649)
* August 16 – Maria Celeste, nun, daughter of Galileo Galilei
* November – John Ogilby, English writer and cartographer (d. 1676)
* November 19
o Leo Aitzema, Dutch historian and statesman (d. 1669)
o King Charles I of England, Scotland, and Ireland (ex. 1649)
* date unknown
o Marin le Roy de Gomberville, French poet and novelist (d. 1674)
o Sir Richard Grenville, 1st Baronet, English Royalist leader (d. 1658)
o Peter Heylin, English ecclesiastical writer (d. 1662)
o Antoine de Laloubère, French Jesuit mathematician (d. 1664)
o Anna Alojza Ostrogska, Polish noblewoman (d. 1654)
o William Prynne, English puritan politician (d. 1669)
o Brian Walton, English divine and scholar (d. 1661)
* probable
o Jonas Bronck, Swedish colonist in America (d. 1643)
o Piaras Feiritéar, Irish language poet (d. 1653)
o Samuel Rutherford, Scottish theologian and controversialist (d. 1660)
